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Baghiu, \u0218tefan. \u201cThe Rise of Translations: Foreign Novels in Romania in 1877, 1945, and 1989.\u201d Transylvanian Review <\/em>XXXI, supplement no. 1 (2022): 250-261. <\/p>\n\n\n\n (print version, online forthcoming)<\/p>\n\n\n\n This article analyzes the growth of translations of novels in Romania in relation to historical events that changed the administrative orientation of Romanian Principalities and the Romanian state within the world system. The data used is an exhaustive account of the ratio of local productions to translations provided by Andrei Terian in 2019. Shifting consequently its subaltern state from Ottoman to Western influence, from Western to Soviet, and from Soviet to Western again, the Romanian administration also ensured the growth of literary translations\u2014at least in respect to novels. This points out to a complex system of legitimation, through which state-building processes are followed by periods of translation growths in order to secure the alignment to the new center of influence. Translations of novels are thus accommodators <\/em>for new dependencies within the world system. The article also depicts the situation of small cultures<\/em> and their specific behavior towards translations. Following Franco Moretti\u2019s observation regarding proportions between translations and local production and Sean Cotter\u2019s definition of minor cultures as \u201ctranslated nations,\u201d this research arrives to the conclusion that the \u201ctranslated nation\u201d is a stage<\/em> within semi-peripheral and peripheral literatures when shifting their orientation within the world system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n —<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baghiu, \u0218tefan. \u201cAvoiding Translation as Nation Building Strategy: Forging World Literature in Modern Romanian Culture through Novel Edits<\/em>, Remixes<\/em> and Reinterpretations<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n (forthcoming)<\/p>\n\n\n\n This article deals with local East European strategies of nation building as viewed from the perspective of non-translated world literature masterpieces between 1845 and 1947. As Emily Apter has strongly demonstrated in Not Translated, Non-Equivalent, Incommensurate<\/em>, 2015), world literature has been a fruitful domain especially for the incomparable <\/em>and untranslatable<\/em>. Moreover, as Sean Cotter has defined the place of Romanian literature in his Literary Translation and the Idea of a Minor Romania<\/em>, \u201cthe minor is not a failed state or potentially great one, but a translated nation.\u201d It is true that translations tend to overwhelm minor cultures, yet my argument is that the nation building<\/em> process of modern Eastern Europe was, in fact, a process of \u201cavoiding translation\u201d at the same time, meaning the\u2014voluntary\u2014strategy of avoiding several translations in order to avoid the inhibition of local production or the\u2014involuntary\u2014delay in translation.\u00a0 The main goal is to understand how avoiding translation was consequently a strategy to inspire local production of \u201cstructural correspondences\u201d (Goldi\u0219, 2017) with untranslated authors. I therefore analyze the connections between several main authors that were fundamental in building the French national and also the European canon and their insignificant presence in translation in East European peripheries as strategies of local authors to avoid being related to their core masters. From analyzing the lack of translations from Eugene Sue and other mistery novel authors for the development of Romanian literature, to the absence of translations from Proust, Kafka, Joyce, Wolf and Faulkner as an incentive to monopoly modernism<\/em>, the three concepts I want to put forward (edit, remix, reinterpretation) are mainly pointing out strategies of cover up.<\/em> The article states that in order to understand the interferences between two or more literatures, and even World Literature during Nation-Building processes requires a strong focus on the delays in translation and the developing of similar styles with those delayed novels. Avoiding translation is one of the main strategies of modern semiperipheral literatures, an all too elitist strategy which led in turn to plagiarism<\/em> (reinterpretation<\/em>),<\/em> monopoly <\/em>(edits<\/em>), and later on structural correspondences <\/em>(remixes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n —<\/p>\n\n\n\n —<\/p>\n\n\n\n SCOPUS & ESCI Articles<\/p>\n\n\n\n —<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baghiu, \u0218tefan. \u201cTranslations of Novels in the Romanian Culture During the Long 19th Century: A Quantitative Perspective.\u201d Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory<\/em> 6, no. 2 (December 2020). https:\/\/www.metacriticjournal.com\/article\/167\/translations-of-novels-in-the-romanian-culture-during-the-long-nineteenth-century-1794-1914-a-quantitative-perspective<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n This article uses quantitative methods to provide a macro perspective on translations of novels in Romanian culture during the long nineteenth century, by modifying Eric Hobsbawm\u2019s 1789-1914 period, and using it as spanning from 1794 (the first registered local publishing of a translated novel) to 1918 (the end of the First World War). The article discusses the predominance of the French novel (almost 70% of the total of translated novels), the case of four other main competitors in the second line of translations (or the golden circle, as named in the article: German, English, Russian, and Italian), the strange case of the American novel as a transition zone, and the situation of five other groups of novels translated during the period (the atomizing agents: the East European, the Spanish, the Austrian, the Nordic, and the Asian novel).<\/p>\n\n\n\n —<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baghiu, \u0218tefan. \u201cRomancierele. Traducerile de romane scrise de femei \u00een cultural rom\u00e2n\u0103 (1841-1918).\u201d\u00a0Transilvania<\/em>, no. 6 (June 2021).\u00a0https:\/\/revistatransilvania.ro\/romancierele-traducerile-de-romane-scrise-de-femei-in-cultura-romana-1841-1918\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n This article uses\u00a0the data from\u00a0the Chronological Dictionary of Novels Translated in Romania from its Origins to 1989\u00a0in order to chart the presence of foreign women novelists and their works in Romanian translation between 1841 (the year of the first translation of a novel originally written by a woman author, Sophie Cottin) and 1918 (the year marking the end of the long\u00a0nineteenth century and the unification of Romanian provinces). The study separates two main periods, starting from the domination of the French novel: 1841-1890 and 1890-1918. The former period comprises more French novel translations, from authors such as Sophie Cottin, Stephanie-Felicit\u00e9 Genlis, George Sand, Countess Dash, M-me Charles Reybaud, and MieD\u2019Aghonne. The latter comprises Italian and American authors, such as Carolina Invernizio, Matilde Serao, Anna KatherineGreen, Frances Elisa Hodgen Burnett, and even northern authors such as Clara Tschudi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n —<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baghiu, \u0218tefan. \u201cTranslations of Novels in the Romanian Culture During the Interwar Period and WW2 (1919-1947): A Quantitative Perspective.\u201d Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory<\/em> 7, no. 2 (December 2021). https:\/\/www.metacriticjournal.com\/article\/201\/translations-of-novels-in-the-romanian-culture-during-the-interwar-period-and-wwii-1918-1944-a-quantitative-perspective <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00a0This article continues the quantitative analysis of translations of novels in Romania for the 1918-1944 period. Baghiu discusses the decay of the French novel (from almost 70% of the total of translated novels during the long <\/em>19th century to almost 43% during the interwar period), and the case of two competitors in the second line of translations (American and Russian). The article turns then to the European and Global peripheries from the perspective of the colonial \u201820s and \u201830s, and discusses the eco <\/em>narratives of the Nordic novel, and the identity <\/em>function of the Asian novel within this translationscape.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n —<\/p>\n\n\n\n